The Bibliography of the Hebrew Book

"The Bibliography of the Hebrew Book" is a bibliographic database covering approximately 90% of all the books published in the Hebrew language over a period of 500 years - from the year 1470 to 1960.

The Bibliography of the Hebrew Book features a complete list of books in Hebrew and thousands of books featuring text in Ladino and Yiddish, as well as hundreds of books in lesser-known Jewish languages such as Judeo-Arabic and Bucharit.

The Institute of the Hebrew Bibliography (IHB), also known as the Mif'al Habibliographia Ha'ivrit (MHH) is jointly administered by the Hebrew University and the Ministry of Education and Culture. Usually the Head of the Board of Administration is the Director of the Jewish National University Library. Since 1991, the Director of the project has been Mr. Isaac Yudalov.

The Repository Scope

The scope of the database - Today, the repository contains about 141,000 documents, and more than 15,000 biographies of authors, covering more than 90% of all books published in Hebrew languages between the years 1470-1960.

Since the first edition was published a decade ago, twenty thousand new titles have been added in different Hebrew-Judeo languages; Bucharit, Judeo-Arabic, and about 3,800 in Yiddish and more than 2,800 in Ladino. Some of the books that appear in the repository are in rare Hebrew Languages, such as Judeo-Greek , Judeo-Afrikaans and Judeo-Kurdish. The Institute of the Hebrew Bibliography is continually improving and updating the database. The Researchers of the Institute see the project of the Hebrew Bibliography as a consistently growing work.

The repository can be searched via different searching methods, including Boolean and Proximity searches, by words, expressions,etc.

The search engine also supports searches for words in the same sentence, paragraph, or within a specified range. It also provides the option of full-text or fielded searches according to the book’s name or author, year or place of print, the language in which the book was written etc.

Guidelines

The objectives of the Hebrew Bibliography electronic publishing project are to help to create a database of Hebrew books and authoritative files of authors, publishers, printers and place names that can be used as the definitive research tool of the Hebrew Bibliography.

We do not intend this to be a one time publication, but a continually updated and corrected process.

We would hope that others will join us in making the Hebrew Bibliographic Project a continuing and open-ended process.

The National Hebrew Bibliography Project seeks to create a full bibliography of all books printed with Hebrew characters from the beginning of Hebrew printing in 1470, to the end of 1960.

The guidelines that were followed in preparing the bibliography are:

As a basis of its work, the Institute used the catalogue of the Jewish National and University Library, but the entries were always made only from the books themselves. No book was entered without being examined by the Editorial Staff, unless not a single copy was known to exist.
Only a printed publication of this bibliography was considered or even imagined in 1960; So the books were entered alphabetically by the authors' names, starting with a biography card giving the authors name in Hebrew and Latin characters. Jewish authors are frequently cited as pseudonyms,along with basic biographical details. In their case, there was at least one reference source from which the information was drawn. Next comes a detailed list of the author's works also arranged in alphabetical order. Secondary cards and cross reference cards were also created at the same time.
Books printed by typography, lithography, photography or stereotype are included, but books produced by stencil or cyclostyle are included only in exceptional cases.
Off-prints are listed only if they incorporate major changes or include new texts.

Using the repository - features

The repository includes Boolean search options as well as Wildcards and Proximity searches, phrase searches, words in the same sentence, paragraph, or within a specified range. You can also make either full-text or fielded searches according to the Book’s name or author, year or place of print, the language in which the book was written etc.

Full authority control in both Hebrew and Latin characters for names and place names has been done in conjunction and under the control of the Jewish National and University Library.
The most complete listings of many types of classical religious works like: The Bible (over 5,000), commentaries on the Bible, Mishnah, Talmud, Midrash, Zohar, responsa etc. are entered under the customary headings.
Prayer books are entered under the customary heading. As an example of the coverage of this publication, there are listed over 4,000 Haggadot. In the Bibliography of the Passover Haggadah.to 1960, by Abraham Yaari, printed in 1960, he lists only 2,700, and many of these only noted from hear-say.
For books containing letters of approbation: the signatories to such letters, together with the place and date are fully indexed. Similarly, letters of praise and poems which appear at the beginning of the book. Information on introductions and forwards of importance not written by the author of the book are also not indexed.
In the case of translated works, the title of the original and its year of publication is provided.
Full searching on all forms of an author’s name and place names in both Hebrew and Latin characters.
Searching by all essential fields in both Hebrew and Latin characters.

Background

Ever since Jewish Studies were established as a discipline of systematic research into Jewish past and present day life, the need for a comprehensive bibliography, embracing every book printed in Hebrew characters, has increasingly been felt. The difficulties confronting such a project were far greater than those encountered by similar bibliographies in other languages. As a result of the dispersion of the Jewish people, printing houses were scattered over many countries. Books published in remote countries remain unknown even to bibliophiles and collectors, while many precious works were lost in the course of the vicissitudes experienced by the Jews in their long exile.

These difficulties notwithstanding, repeated efforts were made to list Jewish works and the works of other nations translated into Jewish languages, both as an aid to special research and as an end itself, so as to gain a comprehensive view of Jewish literary creation. From the modest pioneer work of Rabbi Shebbethai Bass his "Siftey Yeshenim" (Lips of the sleepers", Amsterdam 1680), many more or less successful attempt were made to list books printed in Hebrew characters. Important milestones on the road are the work of Moritz Steinschneider, who compiled a catalogue of the Hebrew books in the Bodleian Library in Oxford; Joseph Zedner, who catalogued the Hebrew books in the British Museum; Meijer M. Roest, author of the catalogue of the Rosenthal Library in Amsterdam; Samuel Wiener's "Kohelet Moshe", the catalogue of the books in the Asiatic Museum in Leningrad, etc.

These projects involved close examination of the books listed, and, being carried out with scrupulous care, are generally speaking worthy of confidence. But the very fact that they were based on limited collections of the books prevented any aspiration to comprehensiveness. Steinschneider, it is true, included in his above-mentioned work, which may be considered the foundation of scientific Hebrew bibliography, a large number of books not in the Oxford collection. But he dealt with a limited period, for he included only books printed up to the death of Rabbi David Oppenheim, the former owner of the substantial collection which served as the basis of his work.

Only two compilations endeavored to go beyond the bounds imposed upon them by restricted collections, and to list all the works published down to their own day. These are "Ozar Ha-Sepharim" (The Treasury of Books"), published by I.A Ben-Jacob at Wilna 1877-1880, and "Bet Eked Sepharim" by Ch.B. Friedberg (Tel-Aviv 1951-1956).

Notwithstanding their undoubted merit, neither of these compilations is satisfactory from the scholar's point of view. They were undertaken by individuals who, despite the decades they devoted to their task, remained unaware of the existence of many collections, and in not a few cases depended upon secondary sources, such as booksellers' lists of an ephemeral and untrustworthy character. The technical exigencies of publishing led to drastic brevity, and it often proves impossible to identify an edition according to the data provided by them. Moreover, a large number of items never actually published were included, while the authors remained ignorant of many books and editions.

In the meantime the field to be covered has undergone both expansion and contraction. In the course of the past century a new Hebrew literature has developed, only a small part of which has been included in the more important works referred to. In various parts of the world institutions have been established which have built up immense collections; bibliographies of a high professional standard have been published, while journals entirely devoted to Hebrew bibliography appeared or still appear, such as the "Hebraeische Bibliographie", the "Zeitschrift fur hebraeische Bibliographie, and "Kirjath Sepher". On the other end, the catastrophe which overtook European Jewry during the Second World War and the mass exodus of the Jews living in the Moslem countries have created an entirely new situation. Great treasuries of books have been destroyed while centers in which important discoveries might have been liquidated. Henceforth books not preserved in one of the major existing centers and libraries within Israel or in other countries must be assumed to have been lost, save in exceptional cases.

Under these circumstances the renaissance of the Jewish people in its own country made it mandatory for it to undertake a task which, by its very nature, could not be performed by individuals. Thus took shape the idea of compiling a comprehensive National Bibliography.

The Jewish National and University Library

The Jewish National and University Library serves a threefold purpose: it is the National Library of the State of Israel, the National Library of the Jewish People, and the Central Library of the Hebrew University.

As the National Library of the State of Israel, it collects all material published in the country. At the same time, it tries to acquire all publications appearing elsewhere in the world that relate to Israel.

It collects Israeli publications on all subjects, with no distinction as to format, language, age level, literary value, orientation and the like. This includes thousands of periodicals of all type and origin, such as national and local (including kibbutzim) newspapers, government bulletins, organs of trade unions and professional associations, financial reports of corporations, newsletters of youth movements and schools, scholarly and recreational journals, synagogue leaflets, market surveys and television program guides.

Apart from being the National Library of the Jewish people, most of whom live outside the State of Israel, it collects books, periodicals, manuscripts, documents, recordings, maps, and pictures that reflect or represent the history of the Jewish people and its culture with no distinction as to orientation, purpose, importance or age level, encompassing all aspects of Jewish life and cultural expression: history, biography, language, education, religion, folklore, philosophy, belles lettres, art, recreation, and so on.

This includes material in all the Jewish languages -- Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino, etc. -- of every place and period. With the same purpose in mind, the Library also develops collections of works on the history and culture of the countries where Jews live, or lived. Today its collections of Hebraica and Judaica are the largest in the world.

As the central and largest library of the Hebrew University, it is also the oldest section of the university. Founded in 1892 as a world center for the preservation of books relating to Jewish thought and culture, it assumed the additional functions of a general university library in 1920.

It provides teachers and students with research material in Jewish studies, Middle Eastern and Islamic studies, the history of science, Western history, early Christianity, philosophy, art, musicology, and other subjects.

For more information, visit the The Jewish National and University Library web site at: http://jnul.huji.ac.il

Development

The Institute for Hebrew Bibliography was set up in 1959, under the joint direction of the Hebrew University, the Ministry of Education and Culture, and the Bialik Institute.

The original suggestion to the Bialik Institute came from Dr. Israel Mehlmann, and from 1954 to 1959 preliminary discussions continued and other institutions were contacted with a view of sharing the financial burden. In 1959 an agreement was made for the establishing of "The National Hebrew Bibliography Project" with Mr. Gershom Scholem as Chairman of the Editorial Committee. The Editorial Staff started work in April of 1960. The work is being carried out in close cooperation with the staff of the Jewish National and University Library, on whose premises the project is being done. Since 1991, the Director of the project has been Mr. Isaac Yudalov.

In that same year a contract was signed with E.P.I. to electronically publish bibliography on CD-ROM. The conversion of the card catalog into a computer file of bibliographic records was started in 1992. The first version of the CD-ROM was published in 1994. The Internet site was launched in September 2002, and is updated on a regular basis.

C.D.I. Systems - Company Profile

Founded in 1992, C.D.I. Systems is a privately owned software house headquartered in Jerusalem, Israel.

C.D.I. Systems’ mission statement is to create a "Practical approach to online publishing". To this end, the Company has placed into the hands of the publisher (the content seller) and the consumer (the content purchaser) a wide range of value added tools enabling them to produce maximum value from their premium content, thus positioning itself to be a premier high-tech solution provider for the e-publishing market. The services that the Company offers its customers include, amongst others, technology licensing, consultancy and complete turnkey projects.

C.D.I. Systems introduces an entirely new paradigm to the online publishing market with NetIS™, the Company's core technology, which combines, for the first time ever, the four main aspects of the e-publishing world: Digital Rights Management; Web Content Management; an intuitive Search & Navigation tool, and e-commerce tools.

The company technologies have been successfully deployed in numerous solutions, ranging from interactive legal productions on CD-ROM to dynamic professional databases - both on-line and on handheld devices. Just to mention a few: Dun & Bradstreet's Israel Market Analyzer; IDC Israel Research reports, Globes Business and Jerusalem Post English daily newspaper archives; Takfon, Israel's Computerized Phone Directory; The Israeli Electorate Registry; The Bibliography of the Hebrew Book; The Israeli General Encyclopedia; The Macmillan World Academic Data Base.

In addition, C.D.I. Systems is the leading electronic publisher of legal content in Israel under the Takdin brand, which includes over 200,000 case law, legislation documents, legal books and summaries, with over 11,000 active users including state attorneys, lawyers, judges, and law firms.

C.D.I. Systems' DRM technology has been incorporated into Aladdin’s (NASDAQ: ALDN) HASP DocSeal, an advanced hardware-based system for protecting intellectual property and sensitive information. Even after users gain authorized access and open the documents, the information cannot be copied, saved, passed to, or used by others.

NetIS™

NetIS™ is a comprehensive online publishing platform that integrates Digital Rights Management, Web Content Management, e-commerce tools and Full Text Retrieval capabilities into a single package facilitating the secured sale of premium content over the web. By creatively marketing digital content - rather than just managing it - NetIS™ assists the content owner to transform simple flat text into saleable commodities.

NetIS™ enables content owners to:

Create dynamic products based on customized segmentation of content rather than just entire documents.
Set personalized rates for individual users, specific content, utilization of services and more.
Empower consumers with sophisticated search and data manipulation tools.

By breaking the "all-or-nothing" paradigm that has dominated online publishing since its inception, NetIS™ has created a radically new business paradigm that benefits publishers, integrators, content owners and end-users alike.

Target customers of NetIS™ are:

Owners of premium content who wish to sell their products over the Internet (STM - Science/Technical/Medical, Legal content, Business, Research and Analysts reports, Standards or Patents databases, Archives etc.)
Organizations that need to protect intellectual property that is placed on the Internet (museums, universities, research facilities, etc.)
Corporations that place sensitive information on their Intranet (insurance companies, banks, etc.)

NetIS™ offers content owners:

Ease of Implementation - DRM capabilities, WCM, and Full Text Retrieval in one, fully integrated platform for easy e-commerce integration.
Cost-effectiveness - Complete project cost, including software license and deployment, at the third of a price of existing commercial solutions.
Smart Sales Scenarios - Flexible control over product definition, sales price, usage and delivery - without compromising on digital rights.
Dynamic DRM - User privileges that can be fine-tuned according to function (view, copy, export, print-screen etc.) and frequency (i.e., print three times only).
Intuitive Back Office - Browser-based interface for local and remote content and marketing management, fully integrated with user privileges and account details.
Transparent security - A lightweight DRM component ensures that only users with authorized privileges can view, save, print or download content.
Automated Marketing Tools - Tracking and reporting of customer and product events, marketing information and subsequent transactions.

...While offering end-users:

Multiple Purchase Options - From single item purchases to full a subscription model, NetIS™ offers an almost unlimited number of sales scenarios to meet the requirements of the individual end-user.
Powerful Retrieval Feature - Easy to use, cutting-edge search and retrieval technology allowing for efficient search and navigation of even the most complex databases.
Sophisticated Data Processing and Analysis - Downloading search results to spreadsheet, word processor applications or palm devices.

Goldman Publishing

Goldman Publishing is the distributor of The Bibliography of the Hebrew Book before 1960, outside of Israel. It was Started in 2001 as a publisher of electronic databases. Directed by Donald Goldman, who as President of CHF in France, published the following CD-ROMs:

Bibliographie Nationale Française Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris. The French national bibliography of all books published in France since 1960, produced and updated quarterly.

Bibliografia Nacional de España Bibliotheca Nacional, Madrid. The Spanish national bibliography, of all books published in Spain since 1976, produced and updated quarterly.

ISSN Compact ISDS The official list of all serials (journals & magazines) in the world and their ISSN numbers, produced and updated quarterly.

CD-Atlas de France INSEE / IGN / RECLUS, / CHF software A mapping product for creating statistical maps of France, containing statistical information on the population, and map boundaries of the 33,000 communities.

Bibliotecas Sin Fronteras Etab. Public Quinto Centenario Editor, CHF software 1.All old books in Spain on South America 2.All old Spanish books in South America To celebrate the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America, Spain paid for creating a list of the holdings of all old books in the main Spanish libraries in the world.

Myriade Education Nationale, France Editor, CHF software The union catalog of serials in France, produced and updated quarterly.

Politique et Société Documentation Française The database of the French government information agency, containing governmental and presidential statements and the press's reaction, produced yearly.

CD-Actualité Bibliothéque Publique d'Infofmation Editor, CHF software The first complete index to all articles in the 300 most consulted magazines in the French press.

AFP-DOC Agence France-Presse, CHF software Full text of all the articles of the last five years, of the third largest press agency in the world.

For More Information Contact:

Goldman Publishing
9 rue de la Martiniére
91120 Palaiseau
France

Tel: +33 (0)1 60 14 85 55
Email: donald.goldman@orange.fr

End User License Agreement (EULA)

USER LICENSE, AND TRANSACTIONS CANCELLATION TERMS

The following terms constitute a binding agreement between you and E.P.I Publishing and The Institute for Hebrew Bibliography (hereinafter referred to as the Publisher). They regulate your rights and obligations in connection with the purchase of a license to view and print bibliographic records from the Bibliography of the Hebrew Book "the service" and "the database" respectively) through the Internet site www.hebrew-bibliography.com and others ("the sites"), using software allowing the retrieval, viewing and printing of information from the database.
This agreement vests you with the right to use the service, subject to the following terms and in accordance with the license chosen by you from amongst the tracks offered on the site.
If you do not accept these terms, you will be unable to and may not make any use of the service.
The license terms are worded in the masculine merely for convenience purposes, but of course also embody the feminine gender.

The license

The Publisher hereby vests you with a non-exclusive right, the terms of which are detailed below, to use the service, subject to payment of the license fees specified in the track chosen by you and performance of the terms of this agreement. The Publisher's obligations pursuant to this license only apply vis-?-vis those purchasing the license from the site.

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Subject to these terms, if you duly hold a valid credit card that is honored in Israel, you may purchase a license to use the service, provided that you have completed the registration process and furnished the details required in the course thereof.

The Publisher may refuse to allow you to purchase a license to use the service in its absolute discretion. Without derogating from the aforesaid, the Publisher may cancel the license purchased by you in any of the following cases:

if at the time of registration you intentionally furnished erroneous details;
if you commit an act or omission that prejudices or might prejudice the
if you use the license to perform or to try and perform an act that in the
if you breach any of the terms hereof;
if you perform any act that prevents others from purchasing a service license or from continuing to benefit from the licenses purchased by them in any way;
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The aforesaid does not exhaust the prohibited database actions. As will be recalled, thousands of hours of work and effort were invested in the development of the database software, the compilation of the content and the creation of the database. According to the law the database is identical to a book, picture or other art creation. Prohibited actions in respect of these creations may also not be taken by you in respect of the database.

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The Publisher respects the privacy of its customers. At the time of using the service, there may be a build-up of data on the nature and scope of the use. Such data, as well as data furnished at the time of the service registration process, shall be used for the following objects:

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The Publisher is applying information security systems and procedures on the site. Whilst these systems and procedures limit the risks of unauthorized penetration into the Publisher's computers, they do not provide absolute security. Accordingly, the Publisher is not undertaking that the service will be absolutely immune to unauthorized access.

You warrant that the Publisher or any third party connected with the service are not liable and shall not be liable for any delays, changes, inaccuracies, failures, mistakes, disruptions, viruses, Trojan horses, Internet communication disruptions, damages, thefts and/or illegal penetrations into your personal computer through the Internet, as a result of the use of the site and/or the service.

Liability and cancellation of the transaction

The database includes a great deal of bibliographic records of books in Hebrew languages that was gathered by a lot of work from many and varied sources. The Publisher is not undertaking that the information stored in the database or the use thereof will be complete and/or exhaustive and it is not undertaking that the information will be fully legible and free of any mistakes, aberrations, inaccuracies and/or omissions.

The service is provided "as is" and neither the Publisher nor any third party connected with the service is undertaking that the service will suit your requirements or any particular object. Neither the Publisher nor any third party is undertaking that the service will be free of any malfunctions, faults, failures, disruptions and stoppages in the activity of your or its software, hardware and communication systems and lines, or that of any third party.

For your attention: all the above cases shall not be deemed a defect in the license purchased by you for use of the service, or non-conformity between the license and the details furnished to you prior to its purchase. Before purchasing the license to use the service, you must examine it carefully and ascertain that it suits your requirements and that it is to your satisfaction.

After purchasing the license, you may not cancel the transaction, unless there is a defect in the database software that does not allow you to use the service and you have notified the Publisher of our desire to cancel the transaction within 14 days of its execution, provided that the cancellation as aforesaid is effect at least two days, that are not rest days, prior to the date of commencing the use of the service. Where the transaction is cancelled in accordance with the terms set forth above, the payment for the purchase of the license shall be refunded to you within 14 days of the Publisher's receipt of notice of the transaction's cancellation from you.

Neither the Publisher nor any third party shall bear liability for any damage, payment, loss, expense, loss of profit, cessation of business, loss of information and any direct or indirect damage deriving from the use of the service, save within the limits of up to and not more than an amount equal to NIS 400 (four hundred new shekels) per license to use the service purchased from the Publisher, and such being only if the damage as aforesaid is occasioned as a result of a negligent act or omission of the Publisher.

Neither the Publisher nor any third party connected with the service shall bear any liability of whatsoever type vis-?-vis any third party who has not purchased a license to use the service directly from the Publisher and who does not duly hold a license to use it.

Liability in Israel alone

The provisions of this license regarding liability in relation to the database (including the software) shall only apply within the territory of Israel alone. Neither the Publisher nor any third party connected with the service shall bear any liability in relation to the database, even if a license was duly purchased, if used is made thereof outside the territory of the State of Israel.

Future versions and updates

The Publisher may add to, alter and even remove, from time to time, any of the contents stored in the database or upgrade the software. All the provisions of this license shall apply to changes and upgrades as aforesaid.

Suspensory condition

The license to use the service is conditional upon the full and precise payment of the consideration due to the Publisher according to the track chosen by you.

Changes to the site and termination of the service

The Publisher may from time to time alter the site, its appearance and design, the scope and availability of the service and any other aspect involved in the operation and management thereof - all without having to notify you thereof in advance. Such changes shall be effected, inter alia, having regard to the dynamic nature of the Internet and the technological and other changes occurring therein. By their nature, changes of such type might involve malfunctions and/or initially cause inconvenience and the like. You shall not have any plea, claim and/or demand vis-?-vis the Publisher or any third party connected with the service in respect of changes as aforesaid and/or malfunctions occurring as a result thereof.

Without derogating from the aforesaid, the Publisher may terminate the provision of the service at any time, on reasonable notice. Upon the service's termination, you may purchase the database on a hard disc, in accordance with the payment terms agreed between you and the Publisher and the use agreement applicable to the purchase of the database in this way.

Contact us

Much time and effort is invested in the process of preparing and operating the database. Nonetheless, because of the nature of the database there might be errors originating inter alia in errors of third parties who have furnished content for publication on the database and in other reasons. If you find content which in your opinion is erroneous, incomplete, non-exhaustive, not fully legible or that contains mistakes, aberrations, inaccuracies or deletions, you are invited to contact us and notify us thereof, at the following e-mail address: The Bibliography of the Hebrew Book

For further questions and enquiries in relation to the service, you may approach the Publisher by mail to,The Institute for Hebrew Bibliography, Hebrew University, Givat Ram Campus, P.O.Box 34165, Jerusalem ISRAEL or by e-mail at the following address: The Bibliography of the Hebrew Book

GOVERNING LAW

This Agreement shall be interpreted and construed in accordance with the laws of the state of Israel.

The Parties agree that the sole venue for the hearing of any lawsuit relating to this Agreement shall be in any court of competent jurisdiction located in Tel-Aviv and the Parties hereto agree to submit to the jurisdiction of any such court. Reference

A user agreeing to the terms of this use agreement shall be governed separately and exhaustively by the technological interface use terms developed by C.D.I. Systems ("Systems") annexed hereto as appendix "A". The technological interface includes the user interface, a database retrieval tool applied by Systems and tools for viewing, saving and printing the information ("the technological interface").

If in the technological interface sphere there is any contradiction between the terms of the "use agreement" and the "interface use terms", appendix "A" – "Technological Interface Use Terms"- shall prevail.

Appendix "A" - Technological Interface Use Terms

Recitals
This appendix applies to the user the terms of use of the technological interface, separately and exhaustively, as it was developed by C.D.I. Systems (1992) Ltd ("Systems") as mentioned in the user license above. The technological interface includes the user interface, a retrieval tool applied by Systems and tools for the viewing, saving and printing of the information ("the technological interface").

License
1. Systems is only vesting the user with a personal right to use the technological interface.
2. The personal user right includes the right to view, save and/or print the information pursuant to the terms of the user authorization level ("user right"). The user does not and shall not have, other than the user right, any rights in the technological interface or any part thereof.
3. The user right, inter alia, does not include any right to create and/or extend an electronic database, printed or otherwise, in a manner based in whole or in part on any of the components of the technological interface.

Copyright
1. Systems owns the copyright and/or the usage rights therein and/or the right to allow the use thereof by the holders of other rights including the holders of the copyright ("holders of other rights") in all the technological interface's components.
2. You may not duplicate, photocopy, copy, give or transfer to any third party, or translate into another language, including computer language, any of the components of the technological interface other than pursuant to the terms of this license, without first obtaining Systems' written authorization.
3. You shall not use any of the trademarks included in the technological interface, other than pursuant to the terms of this license.

Limitation of liability
1. Systems and/or the holders of the other rights have acted to the best of their ability to prevent any defect, fault or mistake and to ensure the accuracy, quality, completeness and cleanliness of the technological interface data; however, they shall not be liable for any damage deriving from non compliance with one or more of the above details.
2. Neither Systems nor the holders of the other rights shall be howsoever liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage and/or loss, direct or indirect, deriving from the use and/or inability to use the technological interface, for any reason, and/or from any fault, deficiency or unavailability of the service or part of its attributes.
3. Neither Systems nor the holders of the other rights are howsoever undertaking that the technological interface and/or the use thereof meet or shall meet any requirement of the user.